Adapa and the South Wind

Adapa was a wise priest of Ea in the ancient city of Eridu, endowed with vast knowledge but denied the gift of immortality. One afternoon, while Adapa was fishing on the calm waters of the Persian Gulf, the South Wind suddenly rose in a fury and capsized his boat. Enraged by the interruption of his sacred duties, Adapa shouted a curse that broke the wing of the South Wind, causing the breeze to vanish from the earth for seven days. When Anu, the king of the gods, noticed the stagnant air, he summoned Adapa to the heavens to explain his hubris. Fearing for his servant, the god Ea advised Adapa on how to win over the celestial guards and warned him strictly: 'When you stand before Anu, they will offer you the bread and water of death. Do not eat or drink.' Adapa followed the instructions perfectly, even winning the favor of the guards. Impressed by Adapa's honesty, Anu decided to grant him a boon rather than a punishment. He offered Adapa the bread and water of eternal life. Remembering Ea’s warning, Adapa refused the divine meal. Anu sighed in disappointment, revealing that Adapa had just rejected immortality. By obeying his master's cautious advice, Adapa remained mortal, and so too did all of humanity.

“Why should I eat the bread of death? Why should I drink the water of death?”

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the moral of Adapa and the South Wind?

The story suggests that humans are destined for mortality because of the complex relationship between divine wisdom and human obedience. It highlights how even the best intentions can lead to the loss of a great opportunity.

Why did Adapa break the South Wind's wing?

Adapa was a priest performing his duties when the South Wind suddenly capsized his fishing boat. In his anger and power as a master of words, he cursed the wind, physically breaking its wing and stopping the air from blowing.

Who is Ea in the story of Adapa?

Ea (also known as Enki) is the god of wisdom and Adapa's creator and patron. He provides Adapa with the advice that ultimately prevents him from becoming immortal, though it is debated whether Ea did this to protect him or to keep him human.

Why did Adapa refuse the food of immortality?

Adapa refused the food because his master, Ea, had warned him that Anu would offer him the bread and water of death. Adapa chose to trust and obey his god over the evidence of his own eyes in the celestial court.

What happened to Adapa after he returned to Earth?

After refusing immortality, Adapa was sent back to Eridu. While he remained a wise and revered priest, he brought the reality of sickness and death back to mankind as a result of his choice.

Is Adapa the same as Adam from the Bible?

Many scholars note similarities between the names and the themes of lost immortality, but they are distinct figures. Adapa's story focuses on the loss of eternal life through obedience, whereas Adam's story focuses on the loss of paradise through disobedience.