Khosrow and Shirin

Khosrow Parviz, a Sasanian prince, first learned of the beautiful Armenian princess Shirin through the descriptions of his friend Shapur. Shapur, a gifted painter, traveled to Armenia and hung portraits of Khosrow on trees, causing Shirin to fall deeply in love with the image of the prince. Shirin fled her court to find him, while Khosrow, fleeing political turmoil, sought her. After many missed encounters and trials, they finally met and their love blossomed. However, their path was fraught with obstacles, including Khosrow's political marriages and the rivalry of Farhad, a master sculptor who also loved Shirin. To test Farhad, Khosrow tasked him with carving a tunnel through the impassable Mount Behistun. Farhad nearly succeeded, but upon hearing a false report of Shirin's death, he threw himself from the mountain. Eventually, Khosrow and Shirin married and ruled together in splendor. Their happiness was short-lived, as Khosrow was murdered by his own son. Devastated, Shirin chose to die by her husband's side, turning their epic romance into an eternal tragedy.

“The world is a mountain, and our actions are a shout; the echo of our shout comes back to us.”

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the moral of Khosrow and Shirin?

The story suggests that love is the highest human pursuit, requiring immense patience and sacrifice. However, it also warns that even the most powerful monarchs cannot escape the tragic turns of destiny and the consequences of their choices.

Who wrote the most famous version of this story?

The most celebrated version was written by the 12th-century Persian poet Nizami Ganjavi. It is the second poem in his 'Khamsa' (Quintet) and is considered a masterpiece of romantic epic poetry.

Who was Farhad in the story of Khosrow and Shirin?

Farhad was a humble but immensely talented sculptor who fell hopelessly in love with Shirin. He represents the theme of selfless, unrequited love, famously attempting to carve through a mountain to win her hand.

Is Khosrow and Shirin based on historical figures?

Yes, the story is loosely based on the life of the Sasanian King Khosrow II, who ruled in the 6th and 7th centuries. While the romance is highly mythologized, Shirin was a real historical queen.

How does the story of Khosrow and Shirin end?

The story ends in tragedy when Khosrow is assassinated by his son from another marriage. Shirin, unable to live without her beloved, stabs herself and dies upon his body in his tomb, uniting them in death.

What role does Shapur play in the myth?

Shapur acts as the catalyst for the romance, serving as Khosrow's loyal friend and an artist. He uses his paintings to introduce the two lovers to one another, bridging the distance between their kingdoms.