Story Summary
Discover the legend of Zhang Guolao's Donkey, the magical paper creature ridden backwards by a Chinese Immortal, symbolizing the wisdom of simplicity and freedom.
Among the Eight Immortals of Chinese folklore, none was as eccentric as Zhang Guolao. A former bat spirit turned hermit, he was most famous for his companion: a magical white donkey. This creature was capable of traveling thousands of miles in a single day, yet Zhang Guolao famously rode it facing backward, looking toward where he had been rather than where he was going. When he reached his destination, he did not require a stable. Instead, he would fold the donkey up as if it were a thin sheet of paper and tuck it away into his bag or a small box. When he was ready to depart, he simply sprayed a mouthful of water onto the paper, and the donkey would instantly spring back to life, sturdy and ready for the road. Despite numerous invitations from the Tang emperors who sought his secrets of immortality and magic, Zhang Guolao preferred the simplicity of his paper donkey and the freedom of the wilderness, often using his eccentricities to avoid the trappings of imperial power.
The Moral
True wisdom often looks like folly to the narrow-minded, and the greatest freedom comes from living simply and unburdened by worldly status.
“Why look forward to where you are going when you can reflect on the path that brought you here?”
Fun Fact
Zhang Guolao is unique among the Eight Immortals because he is said to have originally been a white bat spirit who attained immortality through cultivation.
Frequently Asked Questions
Why does Zhang Guolao ride his donkey backwards?
Riding backwards represents his rejection of worldly conventions and his philosophy of looking back at one's origins rather than rushing blindly toward the future.
What is Zhang Guolao's donkey made of?
The donkey is a magical creature that can be folded into a thin sheet of paper, making it easy for the Immortal to carry in his robes when not in use.
How does Zhang Guolao bring his paper donkey back to life?
According to the legend, he simply sprays a mouthful of water onto the folded paper, and it instantly transforms back into a living, breathing donkey.
Who is Zhang Guolao in Chinese mythology?
He is one of the Eight Immortals of Taoism, often depicted as a bearded old man who represents longevity and the wisdom of the elderly.
Which Chinese dynasty did Zhang Guolao live in?
While he is a mythological figure, his legends are most prominently set during the Tang Dynasty, particularly during the reigns of Empress Wu Zetian and Emperor Xuanzong.
What does Zhang Guolao carry in his hands?
He is often depicted carrying a 'yugu,' a traditional Chinese percussion instrument made of a bamboo tube with two iron rods or curved bamboo strips.
